Tip of the Day!
Slowing Down may
Protect Heart!
Feeling rushed and impatient could lead to high blood pressure
By Peggy Peck
Nov. 20, 2002 (Chicago) -- Got a minute? No? Feeling a little pressed for time? For gen-Xers who answers "yes," researchers at Northwestern University have a timely message: Slow down, you are setting yourself up for a middle age marked by high blood pressure.
Preventive medicine researcher LiJing L. Yan, PhD, says a study of more than 3,000 men and women suggests that people who spend their 20s racing to find time or who are impatient to "get moving" are twice as likely to have high blood pressure 15 years later than people who move at a slower pace.
Yan, who presented the research at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2002, says for years researchers have been looking into the so-called "Type A personality" -- the hard-driving, take-charge, win-at-all-costs personality -- to try to link personality with heart disease but those previous studies had mixed results.
"We found that as time urgency increased so did blood pressure," says Yan.
American Heart Association president Robert O. Bonow, MD, says Yan's findings need to be confirmed in other studies, but he noted there is "certain logic to this. It suggests, again, the importance of lifestyle on heart disease." Moreover, he says that "these are behaviors or patterns that can be changed with behavior modification."
Yan says she and other researchers no longer use the term Type A personality, preferring instead to talk about a Type A behavior pattern. Current thinking is that this pattern has three main features: hostility, competitive drive, and time urgency or impatience.
"The earlier studies concentrated on hostile or competitive aspects of the Type A behavior pattern and the results of those studies were inconclusive," says Yan. So she and her colleagues decided to zero in on time urgency to determine if in fact there was a behavior component to high blood pressure.
They used data collected in a large, ongoing study of heart disease risk factors in young adults. The study, which was started in 1985, enrolled several thousand men and women aged 18 to 30.
Yan concentrated on more than 3,000 of the study volunteers who were assessed at the beginning of the study, re-examined two years later, and again 15 years later. At each examination volunteers filled out detailed questionnaires about a number of lifestyle and health issues and had blood pressure measurements.
Yan says the volunteers were asked four questions designed to identify those who had a heightened sense of time urgency or impatience. The questions were:
- Do you often get very upset if you are forced to wait for something?
- Do you usually feel pressured about time?
- Do you feel you don't have enough time at the end of workday?
- Do you feel you don't have enough time during the day?
Based on the answers to those questions, people were ranked according to five categories -- ranging from those who had no sense of time urgency to those who, like the white rabbit in "Alice in Wonderland" are always racing about checking their watches.
She then matched the groups to the blood pressure data and found that those ranking highest on scores of time urgency and impatience were more likely to have developed high blood pressure. The blood pressure increases were greatest among black men and women. Among white men the blood pressure climbed steadily as impatience grew.
The only disconnect between hurrying and blood pressure was seen in white women: they were very prone to impatience and feeling "time pressured" but didn't have spiking blood pressures. Yan said she had no easy answers for this, although she said that white women are also more likely to exercise and watch their diets than either white men, black men, or black women. "Those lifestyle differences may explain this finding," she said.
The researchers note that "these are modifiable personality traits and reducing time urgency and impatience tendencies may possibly decrease future health risks."
SOURCES: American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2002, Chicago, Nov. 17-20. • News release, Northwestern University • LiJing L. Yan, PhD, Northwestern University • Robert O. Bonow, MD, president, American Heart Association.
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